![]() John James died on 3 March 1864 and is buried in the churchyard of St John the Evangelist, Shirley, Croydon. They finally married, without celebration, in 1818. John James and Margaret were engaged in 1809, but opposition to the union from John Thomas, and the problem of his debts, delayed the couple's wedding. To save the family from bankruptcy, John James, whose prudence and success were in stark contrast to his father, took on all debts, settling the last of them in 1832. His father, John Thomas Ruskin, described as a grocer (but apparently an ambitious wholesale merchant), was an incompetent businessman. John James had hoped to practise law, and was articled as a clerk in London. She had joined the Ruskin household when she became companion to John James's mother, Catherine. His wife, Margaret Cock (1781–1871), was the daughter of a publican in Croydon. John James was born and brought up in Edinburgh, Scotland, to a mother from Glenluce and a father originally from Hertfordshire. His father, John James Ruskin (1785–1864), was a sherry and wine importer, founding partner and de facto business manager of Ruskin, Telford and Domecq (see Allied Domecq). Ruskin was the only child of first cousins. As a result, he founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that endures today.Įarly life (1819–1846) Genealogy In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. In 1871, he began his monthly "letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain", published under the title Fors Clavigera (1871–1884). In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. ![]() Unto This Last (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. From the 1850s, he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature". Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft. ![]() After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Ruskin was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century and up to the First World War. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, architectural structures and ornamentation. He wrote essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. Ruskin's writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. Ruskin was heavily engaged by the work of Viollet le Duc which he taught to all his pupils including William Morris, notably Viollet le Duc's Dictionary which he considered as " the only book of any value on architecture". He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy. John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era. ![]()
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